 
Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseTwo types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema and chronic bronchitis, are largely attributable to cigarette smoking. The primary management for these diseases involves the use of various bronchodilator medications, oxygen and comprehensive rehabilitation. The administration of long-term oxygen therapy, in appropriately selected patients, has been shown to reduce the mortality associated with COPD and is, thus, a very important component of management. Newer ways to administer oxygen, e.g., via small percutaneous trans-tracheal catheter systems or with special oxygen conserving devices, allow for increased patient mobility. As such, patients may maintain as normal a lifestyle as possible while receiving supplemental oxygen therapy.Integration of appropriate medical treatment, disease counseling, and pulmonary rehabilitation are the goals of the center's physician team and specialized nursing and paramedical staff attending to the patient with COPD. For selected patients with COPD, surgical management through "lung volume reduction surgery" or "pulmonary transplantation" are also appropriate considerations.
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